timeline of sampling (v 1.1)…
August 27, 2006 at 19:28 | Posted in Uncategorized | 3 CommentsHere is a brief timeline of key moments in the development of sound recording as related to sampling, and also sampling:
Brief Timeline of Sampling.
Pre-History: A Chinese myth states that sliding doors were fitted with a spike of bamboo that, when passed over grooves in the floor pronounced, “Please close the door.”
Pre-history: Early Romans create the Hydraulis organ, an instrument that incorporates the sounds of other instruments.
1800: Orchestrions—a type of organ—imitate all instruments of the orchestra.
1850’s: Bellows are used in experimental devices that imitate the human voice.
1877: Thomas Edison invents the phonograph.
1887: Emille Berliner creates the disc gramophone.
1890’s: Valdeman Poulsen invents Telegraphone-recorder that makes use of magnetized wire.
1906: Michael Wienmeister patents the keyboard phonograph in Austria
1908: Charles Ives composes The Unanswered Question, which makes use of various disparate coexisting elements.
1920: A dada performance consisting of 8 record players playing simultaneously takes place.
1920-25: Four patents are issued, to different individuals, that describe instruments that utilize recordings on wire, disc, or cylinder.
Late 1920’s: Photoelectric organs feature sampled sounds.
1929-30: Paul Hindemith and Ernst Toch produce grammophonmusik collages.
1930: Walter Ruttman produces Weekend, a sound collage intended to evoke life in Berlin.
Mid 1930’s: Call-in-clocks utilize sampled voices to give callers the time.
1937-38: Alec Reeve develops PCM, a technology for capturing sound.
1939: John Cage composes Imaginary Landscape No.1 for variable speed turntables.
1948: Pierre Schaeffer begins to develop Musique Concréte, experimenting first with records, and later with tape.
1950: Daphne Oram composes Still Point for double orchestra, and three 78rpm record players.
1952: John Cage creates Williams Mix, a massive piece for spliced tape.
1953: Pierre Schaeffer patents the Phonogéne, a tape loop player with 12 playback heads of various sizes that alter the pitch of the sound on the loop.
1955: Hugh LeCaine creates the Special Purpose Tape-Recorder, a multi-track keyboard controller that varies the speed of up to 10 tape loops.
1961: James Tenney samples Elvis in Collage No.1 (‘Blue suede’).
1964: The Mellotron, a keyboard that uses tape loops as sound sources, is released.
1965: Steve Reich uses tape loops of a sampled voice to create It’s Gonna Rain.
1968: Holger Czukay, of the German band Can, samples and re-contextualizes a Vietnamese singer on his album Canaxis.
1968: The Beatles use spliced tape samples of organ sounds on “For the Benefit of Mr. Kite” from the album Sergeant Pepper’s… in order to achieve a desired effect.
1969: Terry Riley’s Rainbow in Curved Air, in which a special tape delay continuously samples and re-plays his keyboard playing, is released.
1979: Mr. Magic, a Connecticut-based hip-hop artist, records the first sample-based hip-hop song using a then unheard of technique; a break from a record is recorded numerous times, and these individual recordings are then spliced into a loop.
1979: Sugarhill Records releases “Rapper’s Delight,” a record on which musicians replicate a small portion of another musician’s work in a looped manner.
1979: The Allen Organ Company produces electronic organs that use sampled organ sounds.
1979: The Fairlight CMI is released—it is the first digital sampling keyboard.
1981: Brian Eno and David Byrne release My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, on which a multitude of vocal samples are re-contextualized.
1986: The E-Mu SP12 is the first affordable digital sampler to be released. It allows musicians to sample entire measures of music. Hip-hop is transformed, and sampling becomes popularized soon after.
(Compiled from: Alapatt, Davies, Holm-Hudson, and Shapiro)
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Actually i was under the impression that Planet Rock did no use sampling, but instead replayed the Kraftwerk elements used.
Comment by Digga— September 2, 2006 #
wow.
Comment by brothablock— September 5, 2006 #
You have done it once more. Amazing post!
Comment by Amparo Reece— May 27, 2010 #